"deven" meaning in Middle English

See deven in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈdɛ̝ːvən/
Etymology: Inherited from Old English dēafian, from Proto-West Germanic *daubēn; by surface analysis, def (“deaf”) + -en (infinitival suffix). Etymology templates: {{etymid|enm|to deafen}}, {{yesno||i|I}} I, {{glossary|Inherited}} Inherited, {{inh|enm|ang|dēafian|||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Old English dēafian, {{inh+|enm|ang|dēafian}} Inherited from Old English dēafian, {{inh|enm|gmw-pro|*daubēn}} Proto-West Germanic *daubēn, {{surf|enm|def|-en|id2=infinitival|nocap=1|pos2=infinitival suffix|t1=deaf}} by surface analysis, def (“deaf”) + -en (infinitival suffix) Head templates: {{head|enm|verb|head=}} deven, {{enm-verb|stem=dev}} deven (third-person singular simple present deveth, present participle devende, devynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle deved) Inflection templates: {{enm-conj-wk|dev|y=0}} Forms: deveth [present, singular, third-person], devende [participle, present], devynge [participle, present], deved [first-person, indicative, participle, past, singular, third-person], no-table-tags [table-tags], deven [infinitive], to deven [infinitive], deve [infinitive], deve [first-person, present, singular], deved [first-person, past, singular], devest [present, second-person, singular], devedest [past, second-person, singular], deveth [present, singular, third-person], deved [past, singular, third-person], deve [present, singular, subjunctive], deved [past, singular, subjunctive], deve [imperative, present, singular], - [imperative, past, singular], deven [plural, present], deve [plural, present], deveden [past, plural], devede [past, plural], deveth [imperative, plural, present], deve [imperative, plural, present], - [imperative, past, plural], devynge [participle, present], devende [participle, present], deved [participle, past], deve [alternative], dewen [alternative]
  1. (ambitransitive) To deafen; to cause to lose hearing. Tags: ambitransitive
    Sense id: en-deven-enm-verb-qIXiHz8r Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Hearing Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 31 34 35 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 31 34 35 Disambiguation of Hearing: 76 10 14
  2. (transitive, figurative) To stun or stupefy. Tags: figuratively, transitive
    Sense id: en-deven-enm-verb-ne9Tv8dM Categories (other): Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival), Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries, Disability Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 24 50 26 Disambiguation of Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival): 25 47 28 Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 31 34 35 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 31 34 35 Disambiguation of Disability: 31 57 12
  3. (intransitive, rare) To become deaf. Tags: intransitive, rare
    Sense id: en-deven-enm-verb-qH8vDITM Categories (other): Pages with 3 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 3 entries: 31 34 35 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 31 34 35

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "deave"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "deave"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "deve"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "deave"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "deive"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "to deafen"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dēafian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English dēafian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dēafian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English dēafian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*daubēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *daubēn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "def",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix",
        "t1": "deaf"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, def (“deaf”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English dēafian, from Proto-West Germanic *daubēn; by surface analysis, def (“deaf”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "deveth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deved",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deven",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to deven",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deved",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deveth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deved",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deved",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deven",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deveden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deveth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deved",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dewen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "deven",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "dev"
      },
      "expansion": "deven (third-person singular simple present deveth, present participle devende, devynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle deved)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dev",
        "y": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "76 10 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Hearing",
          "orig": "enm:Hearing",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To deafen; to cause to lose hearing."
      ],
      "id": "en-deven-enm-verb-qIXiHz8r",
      "links": [
        [
          "deafen",
          "deafen"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "lose",
          "lose"
        ],
        [
          "hearing",
          "hearing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To deafen; to cause to lose hearing."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 50 26",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 47 28",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 57 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Disability",
          "orig": "enm:Disability",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To stun or stupefy."
      ],
      "id": "en-deven-enm-verb-ne9Tv8dM",
      "links": [
        [
          "stun",
          "stun"
        ],
        [
          "stupefy",
          "stupefy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figurative) To stun or stupefy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 3 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "31 34 35",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become deaf."
      ],
      "id": "en-deven-enm-verb-qH8vDITM",
      "links": [
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ],
        [
          "deaf",
          "deaf"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, rare) To become deaf."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdɛ̝ːvən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "deven"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
    "Middle English terms suffixed with -en (infinitival)",
    "Middle English verbs",
    "Middle English weak verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Disability",
    "enm:Hearing"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "tags": [
        "dialectal"
      ],
      "word": "deave"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "deave"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "deve"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "deave"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle Scots",
      "lang_code": "gmw-msc",
      "word": "deive"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "to deafen"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymid"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "I",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "Inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dēafian",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Old English dēafian",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "dēafian"
      },
      "expansion": "Inherited from Old English dēafian",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*daubēn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *daubēn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "def",
        "3": "-en",
        "id2": "infinitival",
        "nocap": "1",
        "pos2": "infinitival suffix",
        "t1": "deaf"
      },
      "expansion": "by surface analysis, def (“deaf”) + -en (infinitival suffix)",
      "name": "surf"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Inherited from Old English dēafian, from Proto-West Germanic *daubēn; by surface analysis, def (“deaf”) + -en (infinitival suffix).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "deveth",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devende",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devynge",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deved",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "enm-conj-wk",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deven",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "to deven",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deved",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devedest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deveth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deved",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deved",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deven",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deveden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devede",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deveth",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devynge",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "devende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deved",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "deve",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "dewen",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "verb",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "deven",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "stem": "dev"
      },
      "expansion": "deven (third-person singular simple present deveth, present participle devende, devynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle deved)",
      "name": "enm-verb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dev",
        "y": "0"
      },
      "name": "enm-conj-wk"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To deafen; to cause to lose hearing."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "deafen",
          "deafen"
        ],
        [
          "cause",
          "cause"
        ],
        [
          "lose",
          "lose"
        ],
        [
          "hearing",
          "hearing"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive) To deafen; to cause to lose hearing."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To stun or stupefy."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "stun",
          "stun"
        ],
        [
          "stupefy",
          "stupefy"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive, figurative) To stun or stupefy."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "figuratively",
        "transitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Middle English intransitive verbs",
        "Middle English rare terms"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To become deaf."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "become",
          "become"
        ],
        [
          "deaf",
          "deaf"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(intransitive, rare) To become deaf."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "intransitive",
        "rare"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈdɛ̝ːvən/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "deven"
}

Download raw JSONL data for deven meaning in Middle English (5.7kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Middle English dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-20 using wiktextract (e97c820 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.